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Giacomo Puccini was by no means the only composer to utilize this subject. Earlier operas were composed to similar libretti by: Reissinger in 1835, Von Puttingen in 1838, Jensen in 1864, Gazzoletti-Bazzini in 1867, Rehbaum in 1888 and Busoni in 1917. Of all, only the Busoni is occasionally performed.

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